java.lang
Class Character

public final class Character
implements Comparable<Character>, Serializable
The Character class wraps a value of the primitive type char in an object. An object of type Character contains a single field whose type is char.

In addition, this class provides several methods for determining a character's category (lowercase letter, digit, etc.) and for converting characters from uppercase to lowercase and vice versa.

Character information is based on the Unicode Standard, version 4.0.

The methods and data of class Character are defined by the information in the UnicodeData file that is part of the Unicode Character Database maintained by the Unicode Consortium. This file specifies various properties including name and general category for every defined Unicode code point or character range.

The file and its description are available from the Unicode Consortium at:

Unicode Character Representations

The char data type (and therefore the value that a Character object encapsulates) are based on the original Unicode specification, which defined characters as fixed-width 16-bit entities. The Unicode standard has since been changed to allow for characters whose representation requires more than 16 bits. The range of legal code points is now U+0000 to U+10FFFF, known as Unicode scalar value. (Refer to the definition of the U+n notation in the Unicode standard.)

The set of characters from U+0000 to U+FFFF is sometimes referred to as the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters whose code points are greater than U+FFFF are called supplementary characters. The Java 2 platform uses the UTF-16 representation in char arrays and in the String and StringBuffer classes. In this representation, supplementary characters are represented as a pair of char values, the first from the high-surrogates range, (\uD800-\uDBFF), the second from the low-surrogates range (\uDC00-\uDFFF).

A char value, therefore, represents Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) code points, including the surrogate code points, or code units of the UTF-16 encoding. An int value represents all Unicode code points, including supplementary code points. The lower (least significant) 21 bits of int are used to represent Unicode code points and the upper (most significant) 11 bits must be zero. Unless otherwise specified, the behavior with respect to supplementary characters and surrogate char values is as follows:

  • The methods that only accept a char value cannot support supplementary characters. They treat char values from the surrogate ranges as undefined characters. For example, Character.isLetter('\uD840') returns false, even though this specific value if followed by any low-surrogate value in a string would represent a letter.
  • The methods that accept an int value support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters. For example, Character.isLetter(0x2F81A) returns true because the code point value represents a letter (a CJK ideograph).

In the Java SE API documentation, Unicode code point is used for character values in the range between U+0000 and U+10FFFF, and Unicode code unit is used for 16-bit char values that are code units of the UTF-16 encoding. For more information on Unicode terminology, refer to the Unicode Glossary.

Since1.0
VersionNot specified.
AuthorLee Boynton, Guy Steele, Akira Tanaka
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String

Field Summary
static final byte COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mc" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pc" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte CONTROL
General category "Cc" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte CURRENCY_SYMBOL
General category "Sc" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DASH_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pd" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
General category "Nd" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "AN" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
Weak bidirectional character type "BN" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "CS" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "EN" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ES" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ET" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
Strong bidirectional character type "L" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "LRE" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "LRO" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
Weak bidirectional character type "NSM" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
Neutral bidirectional character type "ON" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "B" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
Weak bidirectional character type "PDF" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
Strong bidirectional character type "R" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
Strong bidirectional character type "AL" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "RLE" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "RLO" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "S" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
Undefined bidirectional character type.
static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
Neutral bidirectional character type "WS" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte ENCLOSING_MARK
General category "Me" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte END_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pe" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pf" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte FORMAT
General category "Cf" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pi" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte LETTER_NUMBER
General category "Nl" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte LINE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zl" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte LOWERCASE_LETTER
General category "Ll" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte MATH_SYMBOL
General category "Sm" in the Unicode specification.
static final int MAX_CODE_POINT
The maximum value of a Unicode code point.
static final char MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode high-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final char MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode low-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final int MAX_RADIX
The maximum radix available for conversion to and from strings.
static final char MAX_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final char MAX_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the largest value of type char, '\uFFFF'.
static final int MIN_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a Unicode code point.
static final char MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode high-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final char MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode low-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final int MIN_RADIX
The minimum radix available for conversion to and from strings.
static final int MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a supplementary code point.
static final char MIN_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
static final char MIN_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the smallest value of type char, '\u0000'.
static final byte MODIFIER_LETTER
General category "Lm" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte MODIFIER_SYMBOL
General category "Sk" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte NON_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mn" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte OTHER_LETTER
General category "Lo" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte OTHER_NUMBER
General category "No" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte OTHER_PUNCTUATION
General category "Po" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte OTHER_SYMBOL
General category "So" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
General category "Zp" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte PRIVATE_USE
General category "Co" in the Unicode specification.
static final int SIZE
The number of bits used to represent a char value in unsigned binary form.
static final byte SPACE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zs" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte START_PUNCTUATION
General category "Ps" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte SURROGATE
General category "Cs" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte TITLECASE_LETTER
General category "Lt" in the Unicode specification.
static final Class<Character> TYPE
The Class instance representing the primitive type char.
static final byte UNASSIGNED
General category "Cn" in the Unicode specification.
static final byte UPPERCASE_LETTER
General category "Lu" in the Unicode specification.
Constructor Summary
Character( char value )
Constructs a newly allocated Character object that represents the specified char value.
Method Summary
static int charCount( int codePoint )
Determines the number of char values needed to represent the specified character (Unicode code point).
char charValue()
Returns the value of this Character object.
static int codePointAt( CharSequence seq, int index )
Returns the code point at the given index of the CharSequence.
static int codePointAt( char [] a, int index )
Returns the code point at the given index of the char array.
static int codePointAt( char [] a, int index, int limit )
Returns the code point at the given index of the char array, where only array elements with index less than limit can be used.
static int codePointBefore( CharSequence seq, int index )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the CharSequence.
static int codePointBefore( char [] a, int index )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the char array.
static int codePointBefore( char [] a, int index, int start )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the char array, where only array elements with index greater than or equal to start can be used.
static int codePointCount( CharSequence seq, int beginIndex, int endIndex )
Returns the number of Unicode code points in the text range of the specified char sequence.
static int codePointCount( char [] a, int offset, int count )
Returns the number of Unicode code points in a subarray of the char array argument.
int compareTo( Character anotherCharacter )
Compares two Character objects numerically.
static int digit( char ch, int radix )
Returns the numeric value of the character ch in the specified radix.
static int digit( int codePoint, int radix )
Returns the numeric value of the specified character (Unicode code point) in the specified radix.
boolean equals( Object obj )
Compares this object against the specified object.
static char forDigit( int digit, int radix )
Determines the character representation for a specific digit in the specified radix.
static byte getDirectionality( char ch )
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given character.
static byte getDirectionality( int codePoint )
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given character (Unicode code point).
static int getNumericValue( char ch )
Returns the int value that the specified Unicode character represents.
static int getNumericValue( int codePoint )
Returns the int value that the specified character (Unicode code point) represents.
static int getType( char ch )
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.
static int getType( int codePoint )
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.
int hashCode()
Returns a hash code for this Character.
static boolean isDefined( char ch )
Determines if a character is defined in Unicode.
static boolean isDefined( int codePoint )
Determines if a character (Unicode code point) is defined in Unicode.
static boolean isDigit( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a digit.
static boolean isDigit( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a digit.
static boolean isHighSurrogate( char ch )
Determines if the given char value is a high-surrogate code unit (also known as leading-surrogate code unit).
static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable( char ch )
Determines if the specified character should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.
static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.
static boolean isISOControl( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is an ISO control character.
static boolean isISOControl( int codePoint )
Determines if the referenced character (Unicode code point) is an ISO control character.
static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.
static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart( int codePoint )
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.
static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.
static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart( int codePoint )
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.
static boolean isJavaLetter( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.
static boolean isJavaLetterOrDigit( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.
static boolean isLetter( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a letter.
static boolean isLetter( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter.
static boolean isLetterOrDigit( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a letter or digit.
static boolean isLetterOrDigit( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter or digit.
static boolean isLowerCase( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a lowercase character.
static boolean isLowerCase( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a lowercase character.
static boolean isLowSurrogate( char ch )
Determines if the given char value is a low-surrogate code unit (also known as trailing-surrogate code unit).
static boolean isMirrored( char ch )
Determines whether the character is mirrored according to the Unicode specification.
static boolean isMirrored( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point) is mirrored according to the Unicode specification.
static boolean isSpace( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space.
static boolean isSpaceChar( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a Unicode space character.
static boolean isSpaceChar( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a Unicode space character.
static boolean isSupplementaryCodePoint( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point) is in the supplementary character range.
static boolean isSurrogatePair( char high, char low )
Determines whether the specified pair of char values is a valid surrogate pair.
static boolean isTitleCase( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a titlecase character.
static boolean isTitleCase( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a titlecase character.
static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.
static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.
static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.
static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.
static boolean isUpperCase( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.
static boolean isUpperCase( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is an uppercase character.
static boolean isValidCodePoint( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified code point is a valid Unicode code point value in the range of 0x0000 to 0x10FFFF inclusive.
static boolean isWhitespace( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is white space according to Java.
static boolean isWhitespace( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is white space according to Java.
static int offsetByCodePoints( CharSequence seq, int index, int codePointOffset )
Returns the index within the given char sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.
static int offsetByCodePoints( char [] a, int start, int count, int index, int codePointOffset )
Returns the index within the given char subarray that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.
static char reverseBytes( char ch )
Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the specified char value.
static int toChars( int codePoint, char [] dst, int dstIndex )
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its UTF-16 representation.
static char[] toChars( int codePoint )
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its UTF-16 representation stored in a char array.
static int toCodePoint( char high, char low )
Converts the specified surrogate pair to its supplementary code point value.
static char toLowerCase( char ch )
Converts the character argument to lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
static int toLowerCase( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
String toString()
Returns a String object representing this Character's value.
static String toString( char c )
Returns a String object representing the specified char.
static char toTitleCase( char ch )
Converts the character argument to titlecase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
static int toTitleCase( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to titlecase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
static char toUpperCase( char ch )
Converts the character argument to uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
static int toUpperCase( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.
static Character valueOf( char c )
Returns a Character instance representing the specified char value.
COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
public static final byte COMBINING_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mc" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pc" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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CONTROL
public static final byte CONTROL
General category "Cc" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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CURRENCY_SYMBOL
public static final byte CURRENCY_SYMBOL
General category "Sc" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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DASH_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte DASH_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pd" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
public static final byte DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER
General category "Nd" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_ARABIC_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "AN" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL
Weak bidirectional character type "BN" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "CS" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER
Weak bidirectional character type "EN" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ES" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR
Weak bidirectional character type "ET" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT
Strong bidirectional character type "L" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "LRE" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_LEFT_TO_RIGHT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "LRO" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_NONSPACING_MARK
Weak bidirectional character type "NSM" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_OTHER_NEUTRALS
Neutral bidirectional character type "ON" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "B" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_POP_DIRECTIONAL_FORMAT
Weak bidirectional character type "PDF" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT
Strong bidirectional character type "R" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC
Strong bidirectional character type "AL" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_EMBEDDING
Strong bidirectional character type "RLE" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_RIGHT_TO_LEFT_OVERRIDE
Strong bidirectional character type "RLO" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_SEGMENT_SEPARATOR
Neutral bidirectional character type "S" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED
Undefined bidirectional character type. Undefined char values have undefined directionality in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
public static final byte DIRECTIONALITY_WHITESPACE
Neutral bidirectional character type "WS" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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ENCLOSING_MARK
public static final byte ENCLOSING_MARK
General category "Me" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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END_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte END_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pe" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pf" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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FORMAT
public static final byte FORMAT
General category "Cf" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION
General category "Pi" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.4
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LETTER_NUMBER
public static final byte LETTER_NUMBER
General category "Nl" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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LINE_SEPARATOR
public static final byte LINE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zl" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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LOWERCASE_LETTER
public static final byte LOWERCASE_LETTER
General category "Ll" in the Unicode specification.
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MATH_SYMBOL
public static final byte MATH_SYMBOL
General category "Sm" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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MAX_CODE_POINT
public static final int MAX_CODE_POINT
The maximum value of a Unicode code point.
Since: 1.5
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MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
public static final char MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode high-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
Since: 1.5
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MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
public static final char MAX_LOW_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode low-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.
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MAX_RADIX
public static final int MAX_RADIX
The maximum radix available for conversion to and from strings. The constant value of this field is the largest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method, the forDigit method, and the toString method of class Integer.
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MAX_SURROGATE
public static final char MAX_SURROGATE
The maximum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
Since: 1.5
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MAX_VALUE
public static final char MAX_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the largest value of type char, '\uFFFF'.
Since: 1.0.2
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MIN_CODE_POINT
public static final int MIN_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a Unicode code point.
Since: 1.5
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MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
public static final char MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode high-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding. A high-surrogate is also known as a leading-surrogate.
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MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
public static final char MIN_LOW_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode low-surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding. A low-surrogate is also known as a trailing-surrogate.
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MIN_RADIX
public static final int MIN_RADIX
The minimum radix available for conversion to and from strings. The constant value of this field is the smallest value permitted for the radix argument in radix-conversion methods such as the digit method, the forDigit method, and the toString method of class Integer.
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MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
public static final int MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT
The minimum value of a supplementary code point.
Since: 1.5
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MIN_SURROGATE
public static final char MIN_SURROGATE
The minimum value of a Unicode surrogate code unit in the UTF-16 encoding.
Since: 1.5
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gautam

MIN_VALUE
public static final char MIN_VALUE
The constant value of this field is the smallest value of type char, '\u0000'.
Since: 1.0.2
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MODIFIER_LETTER
public static final byte MODIFIER_LETTER
General category "Lm" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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MODIFIER_SYMBOL
public static final byte MODIFIER_SYMBOL
General category "Sk" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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NON_SPACING_MARK
public static final byte NON_SPACING_MARK
General category "Mn" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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OTHER_LETTER
public static final byte OTHER_LETTER
General category "Lo" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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OTHER_NUMBER
public static final byte OTHER_NUMBER
General category "No" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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OTHER_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte OTHER_PUNCTUATION
General category "Po" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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OTHER_SYMBOL
public static final byte OTHER_SYMBOL
General category "So" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
public static final byte PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR
General category "Zp" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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PRIVATE_USE
public static final byte PRIVATE_USE
General category "Co" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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SIZE
public static final int SIZE
The number of bits used to represent a char value in unsigned binary form.
Since: 1.5
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SPACE_SEPARATOR
public static final byte SPACE_SEPARATOR
General category "Zs" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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START_PUNCTUATION
public static final byte START_PUNCTUATION
General category "Ps" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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SURROGATE
public static final byte SURROGATE
General category "Cs" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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TITLECASE_LETTER
public static final byte TITLECASE_LETTER
General category "Lt" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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TYPE
public static final Class<Character> TYPE
The Class instance representing the primitive type char.
Since: 1.1
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UNASSIGNED
public static final byte UNASSIGNED
General category "Cn" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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UPPERCASE_LETTER
public static final byte UPPERCASE_LETTER
General category "Lu" in the Unicode specification.
Since: 1.1
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Character
public Character ( char value )
Constructs a newly allocated Character object that represents the specified char value.
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char value the value to be represented by the Character object.
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charCount
public static int charCount ( int codePoint )
Determines the number of char values needed to represent the specified character (Unicode code point). If the specified character is equal to or greater than 0x10000, then the method returns 2. Otherwise, the method returns 1.

This method doesn't validate the specified character to be a valid Unicode code point. The caller must validate the character value using isValidCodePoint if necessary.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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charValue
public char charValue ( )
Returns the value of this Character object.
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codePointAt
public static int codePointAt ( CharSequence seq, int index )
Returns the code point at the given index of the CharSequence. If the char value at the given index in the CharSequence is in the high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the length of the CharSequence, and the char value at the following index is in the low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at the given index is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
CharSequence seq a sequence of char values (Unicode code units)
int index the index to the char values (Unicode code units) in seq to be converted
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codePointAt
public static int codePointAt ( char [] a, int index )
Returns the code point at the given index of the char array. If the char value at the given index in the char array is in the high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the length of the char array, and the char value at the following index is in the low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at the given index is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int index the index to the char values (Unicode code units) in the char array to be converted
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codePointAt
public static int codePointAt ( char [] a, int index, int limit )
Returns the code point at the given index of the char array, where only array elements with index less than limit can be used. If the char value at the given index in the char array is in the high-surrogate range, the following index is less than the limit, and the char value at the following index is in the low-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at the given index is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int index the index to the char values (Unicode code units) in the char array to be converted
int limit the index after the last array element that can be used in the char array
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codePointBefore
public static int codePointBefore ( CharSequence seq, int index )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the CharSequence. If the char value at (index - 1) in the CharSequence is in the low-surrogate range, (index - 2) is not negative, and the char value at (index - 2) in the CharSequence is in the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at (index - 1) is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
CharSequence seq the CharSequence instance
int index the index following the code point that should be returned
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codePointBefore
public static int codePointBefore ( char [] a, int index )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the char array. If the char value at (index - 1) in the char array is in the low-surrogate range, (index - 2) is not negative, and the char value at (index - 2) in the char array is in the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at (index - 1) is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int index the index following the code point that should be returned
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codePointBefore
public static int codePointBefore ( char [] a, int index, int start )
Returns the code point preceding the given index of the char array, where only array elements with index greater than or equal to start can be used. If the char value at (index - 1) in the char array is in the low-surrogate range, (index - 2) is not less than start, and the char value at (index - 2) in the char array is in the high-surrogate range, then the supplementary code point corresponding to this surrogate pair is returned. Otherwise, the char value at (index - 1) is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int index the index following the code point that should be returned
int start the index of the first array element in the char array
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codePointCount
public static int codePointCount ( CharSequence seq, int beginIndex, int endIndex )
Returns the number of Unicode code points in the text range of the specified char sequence. The text range begins at the specified beginIndex and extends to the char at index endIndex - 1. Thus the length (in chars) of the text range is endIndex-beginIndex. Unpaired surrogates within the text range count as one code point each.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
CharSequence seq the char sequence
int beginIndex the index to the first char of the text range.
int endIndex the index after the last char of the text range.
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codePointCount
public static int codePointCount ( char [] a, int offset, int count )
Returns the number of Unicode code points in a subarray of the char array argument. The offset argument is the index of the first char of the subarray and the count argument specifies the length of the subarray in chars. Unpaired surrogates within the subarray count as one code point each.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int offset the index of the first char in the given char array
int count the length of the subarray in chars
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compareTo
public int compareTo ( Character anotherCharacter )
Compares two Character objects numerically.
Since: 1.2
Implements method in Comparable
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
Character anotherCharacter the Character to be compared.
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digit
public static int digit ( char ch, int radix )
Returns the numeric value of the character ch in the specified radix.

If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX <= radix <= MAX_RADIX or if the value of ch is not a valid digit in the specified radix, -1 is returned. A character is a valid digit if at least one of the following is true:

  • The method isDigit is true of the character and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix. In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
  • The character is one of the uppercase Latin letters 'A' through 'Z' and its code is less than radix + 'A' - 10. In this case, ch - 'A' + 10 is returned.
  • The character is one of the lowercase Latin letters 'a' through 'z' and its code is less than radix + 'a' - 10. In this case, ch - 'a' + 10 is returned.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the digit(int, int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be converted.
int radix the radix.
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digit
public static int digit ( int codePoint, int radix )
Returns the numeric value of the specified character (Unicode code point) in the specified radix.

If the radix is not in the range MIN_RADIX <= radix <= MAX_RADIX or if the character is not a valid digit in the specified radix, -1 is returned. A character is a valid digit if at least one of the following is true:

  • The method isDigit(codePoint) is true of the character and the Unicode decimal digit value of the character (or its single-character decomposition) is less than the specified radix. In this case the decimal digit value is returned.
  • The character is one of the uppercase Latin letters 'A' through 'Z' and its code is less than radix + 'A' - 10. In this case, ch - 'A' + 10 is returned.
  • The character is one of the lowercase Latin letters 'a' through 'z' and its code is less than radix + 'a' - 10. In this case, ch - 'a' + 10 is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
int radix the radix.
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equals
public boolean equals ( Object obj )
Compares this object against the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a Character object that represents the same char value as this object.
Overrides method in Object
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
Object obj the object to compare with.
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forDigit
public static char forDigit ( int digit, int radix )
Determines the character representation for a specific digit in the specified radix. If the value of radix is not a valid radix, or the value of digit is not a valid digit in the specified radix, the null character ('\u0000') is returned.

The radix argument is valid if it is greater than or equal to MIN_RADIX and less than or equal to MAX_RADIX. The digit argument is valid if 0 <=digit < radix.

If the digit is less than 10, then '0' + digit is returned. Otherwise, the value 'a' + digit - 10 is returned.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int digit the number to convert to a character.
int radix the radix.
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getDirectionality
public static byte getDirectionality ( char ch )
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given character. Character directionality is used to calculate the visual ordering of text. The directionality value of undefined char values is DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the getDirectionality(int) method.

Since: 1.4
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch char for which the directionality property is requested.
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getDirectionality
public static byte getDirectionality ( int codePoint )
Returns the Unicode directionality property for the given character (Unicode code point). Character directionality is used to calculate the visual ordering of text. The directionality value of undefined character is DIRECTIONALITY_UNDEFINED .
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) for which the directionality property is requested.
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getNumericValue
public static int getNumericValue ( char ch )
Returns the int value that the specified Unicode character represents. For example, the character '\u216C' (the roman numeral fifty) will return an int with a value of 50.

The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041' through '\u005A'), lowercase ('\u0061' through '\u007A'), and full width variant ('\uFF21' through '\uFF3A' and '\uFF41' through '\uFF5A') forms have numeric values from 10 through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification, which does not assign numeric values to these char values.

If the character does not have a numeric value, then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example, a fractional value), then -2 is returned.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the getNumericValue(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be converted.
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getNumericValue
public static int getNumericValue ( int codePoint )
Returns the int value that the specified character (Unicode code point) represents. For example, the character '\u216C' (the Roman numeral fifty) will return an int with a value of 50.

The letters A-Z in their uppercase ('\u0041' through '\u005A'), lowercase ('\u0061' through '\u007A'), and full width variant ('\uFF21' through '\uFF3A' and '\uFF41' through '\uFF5A') forms have numeric values from 10 through 35. This is independent of the Unicode specification, which does not assign numeric values to these char values.

If the character does not have a numeric value, then -1 is returned. If the character has a numeric value that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer (for example, a fractional value), then -2 is returned.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
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getType
public static int getType ( char ch )
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the getType(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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getType
public static int getType ( int codePoint )
Returns a value indicating a character's general category.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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hashCode
public int hashCode ( )
Returns a hash code for this Character.
Overrides method in Object
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isDefined
public static boolean isDefined ( char ch )
Determines if a character is defined in Unicode.

A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:

  • It has an entry in the UnicodeData file.
  • It has a value in a range defined by the UnicodeData file.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isDefined(int) method.

Since: 1.0.2
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested
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isDefined
public static boolean isDefined ( int codePoint )
Determines if a character (Unicode code point) is defined in Unicode.

A character is defined if at least one of the following is true:

  • It has an entry in the UnicodeData file.
  • It has a value in a range defined by the UnicodeData file.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isDigit
public static boolean isDigit ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a digit.

A character is a digit if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER.

Some Unicode character ranges that contain digits:

  • '\u0030' through '\u0039', ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0' through '9')
  • '\u0660' through '\u0669', Arabic-Indic digits
  • '\u06F0' through '\u06F9', Extended Arabic-Indic digits
  • '\u0966' through '\u096F', Devanagari digits
  • '\uFF10' through '\uFF19', Fullwidth digits
Many other character ranges contain digits as well.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isDigit(int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isDigit
public static boolean isDigit ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a digit.

A character is a digit if its general category type, provided by getType(codePoint) , is DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER.

Some Unicode character ranges that contain digits:

  • '\u0030' through '\u0039', ISO-LATIN-1 digits ('0' through '9')
  • '\u0660' through '\u0669', Arabic-Indic digits
  • '\u06F0' through '\u06F9', Extended Arabic-Indic digits
  • '\u0966' through '\u096F', Devanagari digits
  • '\uFF10' through '\uFF19', Fullwidth digits
Many other character ranges contain digits as well.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isHighSurrogate
public static boolean isHighSurrogate ( char ch )
Determines if the given char value is a high-surrogate code unit (also known as leading-surrogate code unit). Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the representation of supplementary characters in the UTF-16 encoding.

This method returns true if and only if

ch >= '\uD800' && ch <= '\uDBFF'
 
is true.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the char value to be tested.
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isIdentifierIgnorable
public static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.

The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier:

  • ISO control characters that are not whitespace
    • '\u0000' through '\u0008'
    • '\u000E' through '\u001B'
    • '\u007F' through '\u009F'
  • all characters that have the FORMAT general category value

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isIdentifierIgnorable(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isIdentifierIgnorable
public static boolean isIdentifierIgnorable ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) should be regarded as an ignorable character in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier.

The following Unicode characters are ignorable in a Java identifier or a Unicode identifier:

  • ISO control characters that are not whitespace
    • '\u0000' through '\u0008'
    • '\u000E' through '\u001B'
    • '\u007F' through '\u009F'
  • all characters that have the FORMAT general category value
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isISOControl
public static boolean isISOControl ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is an ISO control character. A character is considered to be an ISO control character if its code is in the range '\u0000' through '\u001F' or in the range '\u007F' through '\u009F'.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isISOControl(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isISOControl
public static boolean isISOControl ( int codePoint )
Determines if the referenced character (Unicode code point) is an ISO control character. A character is considered to be an ISO control character if its code is in the range '\u0000' through '\u001F' or in the range '\u007F' through '\u009F'.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isJavaIdentifierPart
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if any of the following are true:

  • it is a letter
  • it is a currency symbol (such as '$')
  • it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
  • it is a digit
  • it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
  • it is a combining mark
  • it is a non-spacing mark
  • isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for the character

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isJavaIdentifierPart(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isJavaIdentifierPart
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierPart ( int codePoint )
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if any of the following are true:

  • it is a letter
  • it is a currency symbol (such as '$')
  • it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
  • it is a digit
  • it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
  • it is a combining mark
  • it is a non-spacing mark
  • isIdentifierIgnorable(codePoint) returns true for the character
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isJavaIdentifierStart
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

  • isLetter(ch) returns true
  • getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER
  • ch is a currency symbol (such as "$")
  • ch is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isJavaIdentifierStart(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isJavaIdentifierStart
public static boolean isJavaIdentifierStart ( int codePoint )
Determines if the character (Unicode code point) is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

  • isLetter(codePoint) returns true
  • getType(codePoint) returns LETTER_NUMBER
  • the referenced character is a currency symbol (such as "$")
  • the referenced character is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isJavaLetter
public static boolean isJavaLetter ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Java identifier.

A character may start a Java identifier if and only if one of the following is true:

  • isLetter(ch) returns true
  • getType(ch) returns LETTER_NUMBER
  • ch is a currency symbol (such as "$")
  • ch is a connecting punctuation character (such as "_").
Since: 1.02
Deprecated Replaced by isJavaIdentifierStart(char).
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isJavaLetterOrDigit
public static boolean isJavaLetterOrDigit ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Java identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Java identifier if and only if any of the following are true:

  • it is a letter
  • it is a currency symbol (such as '$')
  • it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
  • it is a digit
  • it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
  • it is a combining mark
  • it is a non-spacing mark
  • isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for the character.
Since: 1.02
Deprecated Replaced by isJavaIdentifierPart(char).
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isLetter
public static boolean isLetter ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a letter.

A character is considered to be a letter if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is any of the following:

  • UPPERCASE_LETTER
  • LOWERCASE_LETTER
  • TITLECASE_LETTER
  • MODIFIER_LETTER
  • OTHER_LETTER
Not all letters have case. Many characters are letters but are neither uppercase nor lowercase nor titlecase.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isLetter(int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isLetter
public static boolean isLetter ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter.

A character is considered to be a letter if its general category type, provided by getType(codePoint) , is any of the following:

  • UPPERCASE_LETTER
  • LOWERCASE_LETTER
  • TITLECASE_LETTER
  • MODIFIER_LETTER
  • OTHER_LETTER
Not all letters have case. Many characters are letters but are neither uppercase nor lowercase nor titlecase.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isLetterOrDigit
public static boolean isLetterOrDigit ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a letter or digit.

A character is considered to be a letter or digit if either Character.isLetter(char ch) or Character.isDigit(char ch) returns true for the character.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isLetterOrDigit(int) method.

Since: 1.0.2
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isLetterOrDigit
public static boolean isLetterOrDigit ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a letter or digit.

A character is considered to be a letter or digit if either isLetter(codePoint) or isDigit(codePoint) returns true for the character.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isLowerCase
public static boolean isLowerCase ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a lowercase character.

A character is lowercase if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is LOWERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of lowercase characters:

 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
 '\u00DF' '\u00E0' '\u00E1' '\u00E2' '\u00E3' '\u00E4' '\u00E5' '\u00E6' 
 '\u00E7' '\u00E8' '\u00E9' '\u00EA' '\u00EB' '\u00EC' '\u00ED' '\u00EE'
 '\u00EF' '\u00F0' '\u00F1' '\u00F2' '\u00F3' '\u00F4' '\u00F5' '\u00F6'
 '\u00F8' '\u00F9' '\u00FA' '\u00FB' '\u00FC' '\u00FD' '\u00FE' '\u00FF'
 

Many other Unicode characters are lowercase too.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isLowerCase(int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isLowerCase
public static boolean isLowerCase ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a lowercase character.

A character is lowercase if its general category type, provided by getType(codePoint) , is LOWERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of lowercase characters:

 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
 '\u00DF' '\u00E0' '\u00E1' '\u00E2' '\u00E3' '\u00E4' '\u00E5' '\u00E6' 
 '\u00E7' '\u00E8' '\u00E9' '\u00EA' '\u00EB' '\u00EC' '\u00ED' '\u00EE'
 '\u00EF' '\u00F0' '\u00F1' '\u00F2' '\u00F3' '\u00F4' '\u00F5' '\u00F6'
 '\u00F8' '\u00F9' '\u00FA' '\u00FB' '\u00FC' '\u00FD' '\u00FE' '\u00FF'
 

Many other Unicode characters are lowercase too.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isLowSurrogate
public static boolean isLowSurrogate ( char ch )
Determines if the given char value is a low-surrogate code unit (also known as trailing-surrogate code unit). Such values do not represent characters by themselves, but are used in the representation of supplementary characters in the UTF-16 encoding.

This method returns true if and only if

ch >= '\uDC00' && ch <= '\uDFFF'
 
is true.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the char value to be tested.
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isMirrored
public static boolean isMirrored ( char ch )
Determines whether the character is mirrored according to the Unicode specification. Mirrored characters should have their glyphs horizontally mirrored when displayed in text that is right-to-left. For example, '\u0028' LEFT PARENTHESIS is semantically defined to be an opening parenthesis. This will appear as a "(" in text that is left-to-right but as a ")" in text that is right-to-left.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isMirrored(int) method.

Since: 1.4
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch char for which the mirrored property is requested
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isMirrored
public static boolean isMirrored ( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point) is mirrored according to the Unicode specification. Mirrored characters should have their glyphs horizontally mirrored when displayed in text that is right-to-left. For example, '\u0028' LEFT PARENTHESIS is semantically defined to be an opening parenthesis. This will appear as a "(" in text that is left-to-right but as a ")" in text that is right-to-left.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isSpace
public static boolean isSpace ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is ISO-LATIN-1 white space. This method returns true for the following five characters only:
'\t' '\u0009' HORIZONTAL TABULATION
'\n' '\u000A' NEW LINE
'\f' '\u000C' FORM FEED
'\r' '\u000D' CARRIAGE RETURN
' ' '\u0020' SPACE
Deprecated Replaced by isWhitespace(char).
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isSpaceChar
public static boolean isSpaceChar ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a Unicode space character. A character is considered to be a space character if and only if it is specified to be a space character by the Unicode standard. This method returns true if the character's general category type is any of the following:
  • SPACE_SEPARATOR
  • LINE_SEPARATOR
  • PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isSpaceChar(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isSpaceChar
public static boolean isSpaceChar ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a Unicode space character. A character is considered to be a space character if and only if it is specified to be a space character by the Unicode standard. This method returns true if the character's general category type is any of the following:
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isSupplementaryCodePoint
public static boolean isSupplementaryCodePoint ( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified character (Unicode code point) is in the supplementary character range. The method call is equivalent to the expression:
 codePoint >= 0x10000 && codePoint <= 0x10FFFF
 
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested
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isSurrogatePair
public static boolean isSurrogatePair ( char high, char low )
Determines whether the specified pair of char values is a valid surrogate pair. This method is equivalent to the expression:
 isHighSurrogate(high) && isLowSurrogate(low)
 
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char high the high-surrogate code value to be tested
char low the low-surrogate code value to be tested
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isTitleCase
public static boolean isTitleCase ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is a titlecase character.

A character is a titlecase character if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is TITLECASE_LETTER.

Some characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example, there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form, which looks like "Lj", is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals, as for a book title.

These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns true:

  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z

Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isTitleCase(int) method.

Since: 1.0.2
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isTitleCase
public static boolean isTitleCase ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is a titlecase character.

A character is a titlecase character if its general category type, provided by getType(codePoint) , is TITLECASE_LETTER.

Some characters look like pairs of Latin letters. For example, there is an uppercase letter that looks like "LJ" and has a corresponding lowercase letter that looks like "lj". A third form, which looks like "Lj", is the appropriate form to use when rendering a word in lowercase with initial capitals, as for a book title.

These are some of the Unicode characters for which this method returns true:

  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J
  • LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z

Many other Unicode characters are titlecase too.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isUnicodeIdentifierPart
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following statements is true:

  • it is a letter
  • it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
  • it is a digit
  • it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
  • it is a combining mark
  • it is a non-spacing mark
  • isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for this character.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isUnicodeIdentifierPart(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isUnicodeIdentifierPart
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierPart ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) may be part of a Unicode identifier as other than the first character.

A character may be part of a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following statements is true:

  • it is a letter
  • it is a connecting punctuation character (such as '_')
  • it is a digit
  • it is a numeric letter (such as a Roman numeral character)
  • it is a combining mark
  • it is a non-spacing mark
  • isIdentifierIgnorable returns true for this character.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isUnicodeIdentifierStart
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.

A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isUnicodeIdentifierStart(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isUnicodeIdentifierStart
public static boolean isUnicodeIdentifierStart ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is permissible as the first character in a Unicode identifier.

A character may start a Unicode identifier if and only if one of the following conditions is true:

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isUpperCase
public static boolean isUpperCase ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is an uppercase character.

A character is uppercase if its general category type, provided by Character.getType(ch), is UPPERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of uppercase characters:

 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7'
 '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF'
 '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8'
 '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE'
 

Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isUpperCase(int) method.

Since: 1.0
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isUpperCase
public static boolean isUpperCase ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is an uppercase character.

A character is uppercase if its general category type, provided by getType(codePoint) , is UPPERCASE_LETTER.

The following are examples of uppercase characters:

 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 '\u00C0' '\u00C1' '\u00C2' '\u00C3' '\u00C4' '\u00C5' '\u00C6' '\u00C7'
 '\u00C8' '\u00C9' '\u00CA' '\u00CB' '\u00CC' '\u00CD' '\u00CE' '\u00CF'
 '\u00D0' '\u00D1' '\u00D2' '\u00D3' '\u00D4' '\u00D5' '\u00D6' '\u00D8'
 '\u00D9' '\u00DA' '\u00DB' '\u00DC' '\u00DD' '\u00DE'
 

Many other Unicode characters are uppercase too.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
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isValidCodePoint
public static boolean isValidCodePoint ( int codePoint )
Determines whether the specified code point is a valid Unicode code point value in the range of 0x0000 to 0x10FFFF inclusive. This method is equivalent to the expression:
 codePoint >= 0x0000 && codePoint <= 0x10FFFF
 
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the Unicode code point to be tested
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isWhitespace
public static boolean isWhitespace ( char ch )
Determines if the specified character is white space according to Java. A character is a Java whitespace character if and only if it satisfies one of the following criteria:
  • It is a Unicode space character (SPACE_SEPARATOR, LINE_SEPARATOR, or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR) but is not also a non-breaking space ('\u00A0', '\u2007', '\u202F').
  • It is '\u0009', HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
  • It is '\u000A', LINE FEED.
  • It is '\u000B', VERTICAL TABULATION.
  • It is '\u000C', FORM FEED.
  • It is '\u000D', CARRIAGE RETURN.
  • It is '\u001C', FILE SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001D', GROUP SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001E', RECORD SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001F', UNIT SEPARATOR.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the isWhitespace(int) method.

Since: 1.1
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be tested.
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isWhitespace
public static boolean isWhitespace ( int codePoint )
Determines if the specified character (Unicode code point) is white space according to Java. A character is a Java whitespace character if and only if it satisfies one of the following criteria:
  • It is a Unicode space character ( SPACE_SEPARATOR , LINE_SEPARATOR , or PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR ) but is not also a non-breaking space ('\u00A0', '\u2007', '\u202F').
  • It is '\u0009', HORIZONTAL TABULATION.
  • It is '\u000A', LINE FEED.
  • It is '\u000B', VERTICAL TABULATION.
  • It is '\u000C', FORM FEED.
  • It is '\u000D', CARRIAGE RETURN.
  • It is '\u001C', FILE SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001D', GROUP SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001E', RECORD SEPARATOR.
  • It is '\u001F', UNIT SEPARATOR.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be tested.
See also
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offsetByCodePoints
public static int offsetByCodePoints ( CharSequence seq, int index, int codePointOffset )
Returns the index within the given char sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points. Unpaired surrogates within the text range given by index and codePointOffset count as one code point each.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
CharSequence seq the char sequence
int index the index to be offset
int codePointOffset the offset in code points
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offsetByCodePoints
public static int offsetByCodePoints ( char [] a, int start, int count, int index, int codePointOffset )
Returns the index within the given char subarray that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points. The start and count arguments specify a subarray of the char array. Unpaired surrogates within the text range given by index and codePointOffset count as one code point each.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char[] a the char array
int start the index of the first char of the subarray
int count the length of the subarray in chars
int index the index to be offset
int codePointOffset the offset in code points
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reverseBytes
public static char reverseBytes ( char ch )
Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the specified char value.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch No description provided.
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toChars
public static int toChars ( int codePoint, char [] dst, int dstIndex )
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its UTF-16 representation. If the specified code point is a BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane or Plane 0) value, the same value is stored in dst[dstIndex], and 1 is returned. If the specified code point is a supplementary character, its surrogate values are stored in dst[dstIndex] (high-surrogate) and dst[dstIndex+1] (low-surrogate), and 2 is returned.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
char[] dst an array of char in which the codePoint's UTF-16 value is stored.
int dstIndex the start index into the dst array where the converted value is stored.
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toChars
public static char[] toChars ( int codePoint )
Converts the specified character (Unicode code point) to its UTF-16 representation stored in a char array. If the specified code point is a BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane or Plane 0) value, the resulting char array has the same value as codePoint. If the specified code point is a supplementary code point, the resulting char array has the corresponding surrogate pair.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint a Unicode code point
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toCodePoint
public static int toCodePoint ( char high, char low )
Converts the specified surrogate pair to its supplementary code point value. This method does not validate the specified surrogate pair. The caller must validate it using isSurrogatePair if necessary.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char high the high-surrogate code unit
char low the low-surrogate code unit
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toLowerCase
public static char toLowerCase ( char ch )
Converts the character argument to lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

In general, toLowerCase() should be used to map characters to lowercase. String case mapping methods have several benefits over Character case mapping methods. String case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas the Character case mapping methods cannot.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the toLowerCase(int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be converted.
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toLowerCase
public static int toLowerCase ( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to lowercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isLowerCase(Character.toLowerCase(codePoint)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

In general, toLowerCase() should be used to map characters to lowercase. String case mapping methods have several benefits over Character case mapping methods. String case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas the Character case mapping methods cannot.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
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toString
public String toString ( )
Returns a String object representing this Character's value. The result is a string of length 1 whose sole component is the primitive char value represented by this Character object.
Overrides method in Object
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toString
public static String toString ( char c )
Returns a String object representing the specified char. The result is a string of length 1 consisting solely of the specified char.
Since: 1.4
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char c the char to be converted
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toTitleCase
public static char toTitleCase ( char ch )
Converts the character argument to titlecase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file. If a character has no explicit titlecase mapping and is not itself a titlecase char according to UnicodeData, then the uppercase mapping is returned as an equivalent titlecase mapping. If the char argument is already a titlecase char, the same char value will be returned.

Note that Character.isTitleCase(Character.toTitleCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the toTitleCase(int) method.

Since: 1.0.2
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be converted.
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toTitleCase
public static int toTitleCase ( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to titlecase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file. If a character has no explicit titlecase mapping and is not itself a titlecase char according to UnicodeData, then the uppercase mapping is returned as an equivalent titlecase mapping. If the character argument is already a titlecase character, the same character value will be returned.

Note that Character.isTitleCase(Character.toTitleCase(codePoint)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
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toUpperCase
public static char toUpperCase ( char ch )
Converts the character argument to uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(ch)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

In general, toUpperCase() should be used to map characters to uppercase. String case mapping methods have several benefits over Character case mapping methods. String case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas the Character case mapping methods cannot.

Note: This method cannot handle supplementary characters. To support all Unicode characters, including supplementary characters, use the toUpperCase(int) method.

Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char ch the character to be converted.
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toUpperCase
public static int toUpperCase ( int codePoint )
Converts the character (Unicode code point) argument to uppercase using case mapping information from the UnicodeData file.

Note that Character.isUpperCase(Character.toUpperCase(codePoint)) does not always return true for some ranges of characters, particularly those that are symbols or ideographs.

In general, toUpperCase() should be used to map characters to uppercase. String case mapping methods have several benefits over Character case mapping methods. String case mapping methods can perform locale-sensitive mappings, context-sensitive mappings, and 1:M character mappings, whereas the Character case mapping methods cannot.

Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
int codePoint the character (Unicode code point) to be converted.
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valueOf
public static Character valueOf ( char c )
Returns a Character instance representing the specified char value. If a new Character instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor Character(char) , as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values.
Since: 1.5
Parameters
TypeNameDescription
char c a char value.
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